What is a balk in baseball? Identifying a balk and its impact on the game

What is a balk in baseball? Identifying a balk and its impact on the game

Kevin Omuya
updated at July 28, 2023 at 8:02 AM

What is a balk in baseball? A balk is a rule violation by a pitcher in the exciting sport of baseball that can have a major effect on the outcome of the game. Balking is a confusing and frequently misunderstood notion in baseball, which happens when a pitcher makes an illegal gesture while on the mound. Umpires need sharp eyes to spot a balk, which can add tension and strategic options for the offensive team.

What is a balk in baseball?
Tomas Nido (3) of the New York Mets is congratulated by Francisco Lindor (12) at home plate, scoring a run from third base after umpire Mark Ripperger (90) called a balk on relief pitcher Phil Bickford (52) during the seventh inning at Dodger Stadium on April 17, 2023, in Los Angeles, California. Photo: Kevork Djansezian
Source: Getty Images

The balk is a term used in baseball that refers to a rule that can have a major impact on the game but is often misinterpreted. When a pitcher makes an illegal or misleading movement before throwing a pitch, it is called a balk, and the runners on the first and second are given extra bases. This violation changes the nature of the game and necessitates heightened awareness on the part of players, managers, and umpires.

What is a balk in baseball?

An offensive pitcher's rule violation, known as a "balk" in baseball, results in an automatic out for the defence and the advancement of any baserunners. The pitcher does an illegal act on the pitching mound by making a motion or taking action intended to fool the runners on base or otherwise violates the rules governing a pitcher's conduct when facing batters and controlling runners. Listed below are some of the most frequent triggers for the violation:

  1. Deceptive motions: A pitcher commits a balk if he or she pretends to throw a pitch without really doing so or if they start a throw to a base but don't finish it.
  2. Failure to come to a complete stop: When in the set position (with runners on base), the pitcher must halt entirely before beginning the pitching motion.
  3. Quick-pitching: It occurs when pitchers throw the ball to the batter before the batter has had time to get into position.
  4. Wrong footing: A balk occurs when a pitcher delivers the ball with the wrong foot or action.

Any runners on base for the offensive team who advance after a balk is called are given an extra base. If a runner is on first and the violation is called, for instance, the runner will advance to second. Everyone else in the inning would go up a base as well.

Remember that not all shady or off-kilter pitches will result in a balk. The umpires' calls are often hotly contested and heatedly debated during games.

Impacts of balk in baseball

What is a balk in baseball pitching?
Atlanta starting pitcher Bryse Wilson (46) stumbles during a pitch, resulting in a balk and a run scored, during the MLB game between the Chicago Cubs and the Atlanta Braves on April 29th, 2021, at Truist Park in Atlanta, GA. Photo: Rich von Biberstein
Source: Getty Images

The impact can be profound, shifting momentum and influencing the outcome of a close contest. As players, coaches, and fans alike strive for a deep understanding of this intricate rule, it becomes evident that recognizing and interpreting balks is an essential aspect of the sport.

With each occurrence, baseball demonstrates its capacity to combine strategic gameplay with the meticulous application of rules, enhancing the excitement and drama that captivates enthusiasts worldwide.

What is an example of a balk?

If there's any fluidity between receiving the sign and throwing home that skips the set -- or if a pitcher flinches during the group -- the umpire can call the foul. A pitcher also cannot switch from the windup back to the set without fully stepping off the pitching rubber.

What is a balk in baseball pitching?

In baseball pitching, a "balk" is a rules violation committed by the pitcher while on the mound, resulting in a penalty against the defensive team and advancement of baserunners on the offensive team. The umpire calls it if the pitcher makes an illegal or deceptive move that violates the rules governing how pitchers must behave when facing batters and managing baserunners.

What is the penalty for a balk in baseball?

What is the penalty for a balk in baseball?
Pitcher Keone Kela (50) of the Texas Rangers walks off the field after giving up the winning run on a balk in the ninth inning to the Los Angeles Dodgers at Dodger Stadium on June 18, 2015, in Los Angeles, California. Photo: Stephen Dunn
Source: Getty Images

In baseball, the penalty is ruled as a dead ball, and each base runner can advance one base. However, it is a delayed dead ball, and the penalty can be ignored if the batter safely reaches first base.

Depending on the situation, there are some caveats to the penalty for a balk. For the rest of this article, we will look at what the MLB defines as the penalty and review some situations where it is enforced or not enforced.

While baseball leagues can have different rules around the same actions, most people view MLB’s rules as the best definition. According to the official MLB Rules;

The ball is dead, and each runner shall advance one base without liability to be put out, unless the batter reaches first on a hit, an error, a base on balls, a hit batter, or otherwise, and all other runners advance at least one base, in which case the play proceeds without reference to the balk.

– MLB Rulebook

What is a balk in baseball rules?

What is a balk in baseball rules?
Adeiny Hechavarria (3) of the Miami Marlins is congratulated by Martin Prado (14) after scoring a run after a balk was called in the seventh inning during a game against the Philadelphia Phillies on April 22, 2015, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Photo: Hunter Martin
Source: Getty Images

The rule dates back to the 19th century. It is covered under Section 6.02 (a) of the Official Baseball Rules. 13 different ways balk can be called, the most common of which would be the pitchers feinting a throw to home plate without completing the pitch or feinting a throw to first or third base without making a pickoff attempt.

There are specific rules that a pitcher must follow. One of which is coming set before making a pitch. If a pitch fails to do that, the violation rule is called. If a pitcher makes an illegal (quick) pitch, it is a balk. Also similar if a pitcher throws to an unoccupied base.

When it is called, it becomes a dead-ball situation, and any runner currently occupying a base can advance by one spot. Yes, it can even result in a free run if a runner is on third base.

What is a catcher's balk in baseball?

It is an informal phrase used to describe a catcher doing something violating two specific rules, which results in a penalty by the umpire. If runners are on base, that penalty is a balk - meaning the advancement of each runner by one command.

It occurs when the catcher is out of position and cannot field a batted ball cleanly. This can be dangerous for both the runner on first base and the pitcher if not corrected in time.

To prevent this from happening, make sure you are constantly aware of where your catchers are positioned on the diamond. If you see it occur, stay calm and alert your teammates so they can take appropriate action. Make sure to keep an eye on all fields at all times.

What is a walk-off balk in baseball?

What is a walk off balk in baseball?
Kike Hernandez (14) celebrates with batter Jimmy Rollins (11) and Yasiel Puig (66) of the Los Angeles Dodgers after Hernandez scored the winning run on a walk-off balk on June 18, 2015, in Los Angeles, California. Photo: Stephen Dunn
Source: Getty Images

A walk-off Balk in baseball is a type of play that occurs when the winning run is scored as a result of a balk by the pitcher. This can happen when the bases are loaded, and the batter is awarded a free base, allowing the runner on third base to score the winning run.

A walk-off happens when a batter on the home team hits a ball in play in the ninth or extra innings that score a go-ahead run. It is called a walk-off because the game ends once the winning run crosses home plate and the losing team's walk-off field.

What is a balk in baseball? A balk in baseball is a rule designed to ensure fair play and maintain the integrity of the game. It occurs when a pitcher commits an illegal motion or deceptive act while on the mound, leading to the advancement of baserunners. Identifying a balk requires a keen eye from umpires, as the slightest misstep can change the course of a game.

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Kevin Omuya photo
Kevin Omuya
Kevin Omuya is a Content Writer with 4 years of experience who joined Sports Brief in 2022. In 2019 he held a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism & Digital Media from KCA University.